NATIONAL MEDAL OF SCIENCE RECIPIENTS 1962-200x

2008

2007

Fay Ajzenberg-Selove - University of Pennsylvania

Mostafa El-Sayed - Georgia Institute of Technology

Leonard Kleinrock - University of California, Los Angeles

Robert Lefkowitz - Duke University

Bert W. O'Malley - Baylor College of Medicine

Charles P. Slichter - UIUC

Andrew J. Viterbi - University of Southern California

David Wineland - NIST - Boulder, CO (1989 Nobel)

2006

Bass, Hyman University of Michigan

Caruthers, Marvin H. University of Colorado

Colwell, Rita R. University of Maryland

Dervan, Peter B. California Institute of Technology

Fedoroff, Nina V. The Pennsylvania State University

Kleppner, Daniel Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Langer, Robert S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Stryer, Lubert Stanford University

2005

Achenbach, Jan D. Northwestern University

Alpher, Ralph A. The Dudley Observatory

Bower, Gordon H. Stanford University

Efron, Bradley Stanford University

Fauci, MD, Anthony S. National Institutes of Health

Marks, Tobin J. Northwestern University

Thompson, Lonnie G. The Ohio State University

Wiesel, Torsten N. The Rockefeller University

2004

Arrow, Kenneth J. Stanford University

Borlaug, Norman E. Texas A&M University

Clayton, Robert N. University of Chicago

Lightfoot, Edwin N. University of Wisconsin, Madison

Lippard, Stephen J. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Sharp, Phillip A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Starzl, Thomas E. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Sullivan, Dennis P. City University of New York

2003

Bishop, J. Michael University of California, San Francisco

Dalrymple, G. Brent Oregon State University

de Boor, Carl R. University of Wisconsin, Madison

Giacconi, Riccardo Johns Hopkins University

Luce, R. Duncan University of California, Irvine

Prausnitz, John M. University of California, Berkeley

Snyder, Solomon H. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Yanofsky, Charles Stanford University

2002

Beranek, Leo L. BBN Technologies

Brauman, John I. Stanford University

Darnell, James E. The Rockefeller University

Garwin, Richard L. Council on Foreign Relations

Glimm, James G. State University of New York at Stony Brook

Morgan, W. Jason Princeton University

Witkin, Evelyn M. Rutgers University

Witten, Edward Institute for Advanced Study

2001

Acrivos, Andreas City College of the City University of New York

Ayala, Francisco J. University of California, Irvine

Bass, George F. Texas A&M University

Capecchi, Mario R. University of Utah School of Medicine

Cohen, Marvin L. University of California, Berkeley

Davidson, Ernest R. Indiana University Chemistry

Davis, Raymond Brookhaven National Laboratory

Graybiel, Ann M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Keeling, Charles D. Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Likens, Gene E. Institute of Ecosystem Studies

McKusick, Victor A. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Rao, Calyampudi R. Pennsylvania State University

Somorjai, Gabor A. University of California, Berkeley

Stein, Elias M. Princeton University

Varmus, Harold Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

2000

Andreasen, Nancy C. University of Iowa College of Medicine

Baldeschwieler, John D. California Institute of Technology

Becker, Gary S. University of Chicago

Fung, Yuan-Cheng B. University of California at San Diego

Hirschmann, Ralph F. University of Pennsylvania

Lamb, JR., Willis E. University of Arizona

Ostriker, Jeremiah P. Princeton University

Raven, Peter H. Missouri Botanical Garden and Washington University

Thompson, John Griggs Science University of Florida

Uhlenbeck, Karen K. University of Texas at Austin

White, Gilbert F. University of Colorado 2

Woese, Carl R. University of Illinois

1999

David Baltimore, California Institute of Technology

Felix E. Browder, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ

Ronald R. Coifman, Yale University

James W. Cronin, The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago

Jared Diamond, UCLA Medical School

Leo P. Kadanoff, The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago

Lynn Margulis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Stuart A. Rice, The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago

John Ross, Stanford University

Susan Solomon, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder

Robert M. Solow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Kenneth N. Stevens, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

1998

Bruce N. Ames, University of California, Berkeley

Don L. Anderson, California Institute of Technology

John N. Bahcall, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University

John W. Cahn, National Institute of Standards and Technology

Cathleen Synge Morawetz, Courant Institute, New York University

Janet D. Rowley, University of Chicago

Eli Ruckenstein, State University of New York at Buffalo

George M. Whitesides, Harvard University

William Julius Wilson, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

1997

William K. Estes, Harvard University

Darleane C. Hoffman, University of California, Berkeley Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Harold S. Johnston, University of California, Berkeley

Marshall N. Rosenbluth, University of California, San Diego

Martin Schwarzschild*, Princeton University

James D. Watson, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Robert A. Weinberg, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Harvard University

George W. Wetherill, Carnegie Institution of Washington

Shing-Tung Yau, Harvard University

1996

Wallace S. Broecker, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University

Norman Davidson, California Institute of Technology

James L. Flanagan, Rutgers University

Richard M. Karp, University of California, Berkeley and University of Washington

C. Kumar N. Patel, University of California, Los Angeles

Ruth Patrick, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia

Paul A. Samuelson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Stephen Smale, University of California, Berkeley

1995

Thomas R. Cech, University of Colorado

Hans G. Dehmelt, University of Washington

Peter Goldreich, California Institute of Technology

Hermann A. Haus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Isabella L. Karle, Naval Research Laboratory

Louis Nirenberg, Courant Institute, New York University

Alexander Rich, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Roger N. Shepard, Stanford University

1994

Ray W. Chough, University of California, Berkeley

John Cocke, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center

Thomas Eisner, Cornell University

George S. Hammond, Bowling Green State University

Robert K. Merton, Columbia University and Russell Sage Foundation

Elizabeth F. Neufeld, UCLA School of Medicine

Albert W. Overhauser, Purdue University

Frank Press, National Academy of Sciences

1993

Alfred Y. Cho, AT&T Bell Laboratories

Donald J. Cram, University of California, Los Angeles

Val L. Fitch, Princeton University

Norman Hackerman, The Robert A. Welch Foundation

Martin D. Kruskal, Rutgers University

Daniel Nathans, Johns Hopkins University

Vera C. Rubin, Carnegie Institution of Washington

Salome G. Waelsch, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

1992

Eleanor J. Gibson, Cornell University

Allen Newell, Carnegie Mellon University

Calvin F. Quate, Stanford University

Eugene M. Shoemaker, U. S. Geological Survey

Howard E. Simmons, Jr., E. I. du Pont de Nemours

Maxine F. Singer, Carnegie Institution of Washington

Howard M. Temin, University of Wisconsin

John R. Whinnery, University of California, Berkeley

1991

Mary Ellen Avery, Harvard Medical School

Ronald Breslow, Columbia University

Alberto P. Calderon, The University of Chicago

Gertrude B. Elion, Burroughs Wellcome Company

George H. Heilmeier, Bellcore

Dudley R. Herschbach, Harvard University

G. Evelyn Hutchinson*, Yale University

Elvin A. Kabat, Columbia University

Robert W. Kates, Brown University

Luna B. Leopold, University of California, Berkeley

Salvador E. Luria*, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Paul A. Marks, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

George A. Miller, Princeton University

Arthur L. Schawlow, Stanford University

Glenn T. Seaborg, University of California, Berkeley

Folke K. Skoog, University of Wisconsin

H. Guyford Stever, Washington, DC

Edward C. Stone, California Institute of Technology

Steven Weinberg, The University of Texas at Austin

Paul C. Zamecnik, Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology

1990

Baruj Benacerraf, Harvard Medical School & Dana Farber Cancer Institute

Elkan R. Blout, Harvard School of Public Health

Herbert W. Boyer, University of California, San Francisco

George F. Carrier, Harvard University

Allan M. Cormack, Tufts University

Mildred S. Dresselhaus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Karl Folkers, The University of Texas at Austin

Nick Holonyak, Jr., University of Illinois

Leonid Hurwicz, University of Minnesota

Stephen C. Kleene, University of Wisconsin

Daniel E. Koshland, Jr., University of California, Berkeley

Edward B. Lewis, California Institute Of Technology

John McCarthy, Stanford University

Edwin M. McMillan, University of California, Berkeley

David G. Nathan, The Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Robert V. Pound, Harvard University

Roger R.D. Revelle, Scripps Institution of Oceanography

John D. Roberts, California Institute of Technology

Patrick Suppes, Stanford University

E. Donnall Thomas, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

1989

Arnold O. Beckman, California Institute of Technology

Richard B. Bernstein, University of California, Los Angeles

Melvin Calvin, University of California, Berkeley

Harry G. Drickamer, University of Illinois

Katherine Esau, University of California, Santa Barbara

Herbert E. Grier, CER Corporation

Viktor Hamburger, Washington University

Samuel Karlin, Stanford University

Philip Leder, Harvard Medical School

Joshua Lederberg, The Rockefeller University

Saunders Mac Lane, The University of Chicago

Rudolph A. Marcus, California Institute of Technology

Harden M. McConnell, Stanford University

Eugene N. Parker, The University of Chicago

Robert P. Sharp, California Institute of Technology

Donald C. Spencer, Princeton University

Roger W. Sperry, California Institute of Technology

Henry M. Stommel, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Harland G. Wood, Case Western Reserve University

1988

William O. Baker, AT&T Bell Labs

Konrad E. Bloch, Harvard University

D. Allan Bromley, Yale University

Michael S. Brown, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Paul C. W. Chu, University of Houston

Stanley N. Cohen, Stanford University School of Medicine

Elias J. Corey, Harvard University

Daniel C. Drucker, University of Florida

Milton Friedman, The Hoover Institution, Stanford University

Joseph L. Goldstein, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Ralph E. Gomory, IBM Corporation

Willis M. Hawkins, Lockheed Corporation

Maurice R. Hilleman, Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research

George W. Housner, California Institute of Technology

Eric R. Kandel, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University

Joseph B. Keller, Stanford University

Walter Kohn, University of California, Santa Barbara

Norman F. Ramsey, Jr., Harvard University

Jack Steinberger, European Center for Nuclear Research

Rosalyn S. Yalow, VA Hospital, Bronx, NY

1987

Phillip H. Abelson, American Association for the Advancement of Science

Anne Anastasi, Fordham University

Robert Byron Bird, University of Wisconsin

Raoul Bott, Harvard University

Michael E. DeBakey, Baylor College of Medicine

Theodor O. Diener, U. S. Department of Agriculture

Harry Eagle, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Walter M. Elsasser, Johns Hopkins University

Michael H. Freedman, University of California, San Diego

William S. Johnson, Stanford University

Har Gobind Khorana, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Paul C. Lauterbur, University of Illinois

Rita Levi-Montalcini, Italian National Research Council

George E. Pake, Xerox Corporation

H. Bolton Seed, University of California, Berkeley

George J. Stigler, The University of Chicago

Walter H. Stockmayer, Dartmouth College

Max Tishler, Wesleyan University

James A. Van Allen, University of Iowa

Ernst Weber, Polytechnic Institute of New York

1986

Solomon J. Buchsbaum, Bell Telephone Laboratories

Stanley Cohen, Vanderbilt University

Horace R. Crane, University of Michigan

Herman Feshbach, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Harry B. Gray, California Institute of Technology

Donald A. Henderson, Johns Hopkins University

Robert Hofstadter, Stanford University

Peter D. Lax, New York University

Yuan T. Lee, University of California, Berkeley

Hans W. Liepmann, California Institute of Technology

T. Y. Lin, T.Y. Lin, International

Carl S. Marvel, University of Arizona

V. B. Mountcastle, Johns Hopkins University

Bernard M. Oliver, NASA Ames Research Center

George E. Palade, Yale University

Herbert A. Simon, Carnegie Mellon University

Joan A. Steitz, Yale University

Frank H. Westheimer, Harvard University

Chen Ning Yang, State University of New York at Stony Brook

Antoni Zygmund, The University of Chicago

1985

No Awards given.

1984

No Awards given.

1983

Howard L. Bachrach, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA

Paul Berg, Stanford University Medical Center

E. Margaret Burbidge, University of California, San Diego

Maurice Goldhaber, Brookhaven National Laboratory

Herman H. Goldstine, Institute for Advanced Study

William R. Hewlett, Hewlett-Packard Company

Roald Hoffman, Cornell University

Helmut E. Landsberg, University of Maryland

George M. Low*, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Walter H. Munk, University of California, San Diego

George C. Pimentel, University of California, Berkeley

Frederick Reines, University of California, Irvine

Wendell L. Roelofs, Cornell University

Bruno B. Rossi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Berta Scharrer, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Robert J. Schrieffer, University of Pennsylvania

Isadore M. Singer, University of California, Berkeley

John G. Trump*, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Richard N. Zare, Stanford University

1982

Philip W. Anderson, Bell Telephone Laboratories

Seymour Benzer, California Institute of Technology

Glenn W. Burton, Coastal Plain Experimental Station, USDA

Mildred Cohn, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

F. Albert Cotton, Texas A&M University

Edward H. Heinemann, General Dynamics Corporation

Donald L. Katz, University of Michigan

Yoichiro Nambu, Enrico Fermi Institute of Nuclear Studies

Marshall H. Stone, University of Massachusetts

Gilbert Stork, Columbia University

Edward Teller, Hoover Institute on War, Peace, and Revolution, Stanford University

Charles H. Townes, University of California, Berkeley

1981

Philip Handler, National Academy of Sciences

1980

No Awards given.

1979

Robert H. Burris, University of Wisconsin

Elizabeth C. Crosby, University of Michigan

Joseph L. Doob, University of Illinois

Richard P. Feynman, California Institute of Technology

Donald E. Knuth, Stanford University

Arthur Kornberg, Stanford University School of Medicine

Emmett N. Leith, University of Michigan

Herman F. Mark, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn

Raymond D. Mindlin, Columbia University

Robert N. Noyce, Intel Corporation

Severo Ochoa, New York University

Earl R. Parker, University of California, Berkeley

Edward M. Purcell, Harvard University

Simon Ramo, Thompson, Ramo, Wooldridge, Inc.

John H. Sinfelt, ESSO Research & Engineering Company

Lyman Spitzer, Jr., Princeton University

Earl R. Stadtman, National Institutes of Health

Ledyard G. Stebbins, University of California, Davis

Paul A. Weiss, Rockefeller University

Victor F. Weisskopf, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

1978

No Awards given.

1977

No Awards given.

1976

Morris Cohen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Kurt O. Friedrichs, New York University

Peter C. Goldmark, Goldmark Communications Corp.

Samuel A. Goudsmit, University of Nevada

Roger C. L. Guillemin, Salk Institute of Biological Studies

Herbert S. Gutowsky, University of Illinois

Erwin W. Mueller*, Pennsylvania State University

Keith R. Porter, University of Colorado at Boulder

Efraim Racker, Cornell University

Frederick D. Rossini, Rice University

Verner E. Suomi, University of Wisconsin

Henry Taube, Stanford University

George F. Uhlenbeck, Rockefeller University

Hassler Whitney, Princeton University

Edward O. Wilson, Harvard University

1975

John Backus, IBM

Manson Benedict, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Hans A. Bethe, Cornell University

Shiing-shen Chern, University of California, Berkeley

George B. Dantzig, Stanford University

Hallowell Davis, Central Institute for the Deaf, Washington University

Paul Gyorgy*, University of Pennsylvania Medical School

Sterling Hendricks, U. S. Department of Agriculture

Joseph Hirschfelder, University of Wisconsin

William H. Pickering, California Institute of Technology

Lewis H. Sarett, Merck, Sharp & Dohme Research Lab

Frederick E. Terman, Stanford University

Orville A. Vogel, Washington State University

Werner von Braun, National Aeronautics & Space Administration

E. Bright Wilson, Harvard University

Chein-Shiung Wu, Columbia University

1974

Nicolaas Bloembergen, Harvard University

Britton Chance, University of Pennsylvania

Erwin Chargaff, Columbia University

Paul John Flory, Stanford University

William A. Fowler, California Institute of Technology

Kurt Godel, Institute for Advanced Study

Rudolf Kompfner, Stanford University

James V. Neel, University of Michigan Medical School

Linus Pauling, Stanford University

Ralph B. Peck, University of Illinois

K. S. Pitzer, University of California, Berkeley

James A. Shannon, Rockefeller University

Abel Wolman, Johns Hopkins University

1973

Daniel I. Arnon, University of California, Berkeley

Carl Djerassi, Stanford University

Harold E. Edgerton, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

William M. Ewing, The Marine Institute, The University of Texas Medical Branch

Arie J. Haagen-Smit, California Institute of Technology

Vladimir Haensel, Universal Oil Products Company

Frederick Seitz, Rockefeller University

Earl W. Sutherland, University of Miami

John W. Tukey, Princeton University

Richard T. Whitcomb, Langley Research Center

Robert R. Wilson, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

1972

No Awards given.

1971

No Awards given.

1970

Richard D. Brauer, Harvard University

Robert H. Dicke, Princeton University

Barbara McClintock, Carnegie Institution of Washington

George E. Mueller, General Dynamics Corporation

Albert B. Sabin, Weizmann Institute of Science

Allan R. Sandage, California Institute of Technology

John C. Slater, University of Florida

John A. Wheeler, Princeton University

Saul Winstein*, University of California, Los Angeles

1969

Herbert C. Brown, Purdue University

William Feller*, Princeton University

Robert J. Huebner, National Cancer Institute

Jack S. C. Kilby, Texas Instruments, Inc.

Ernst Mayr, Harvard University

Wolfgang K.H. Panofsky, Stanford University

1968

H. Albert Barker, University of California, Berkeley

Paul D. Bartlett, Harvard University

Bernard B. Brodie, National Institutes of Health

Detlev W. Bronk, Rockefeller University

J. Presper Eckert, Sperry Rand Corporation

Herbert Friedman, Naval Research Laboratory

Jay L. Lush, Iowa State University

Nathan M. Newmark, University of Illinois

Jerzy Neyman, University of California, Berkeley

Lars Onsager, Yale University

B. Frederic Skinner, Harvard University

Eugene P. Wigner, Princeton University

1967

Jesse W. Beams, University of Virginia

Francis Birch, Harvard University

Gregory Breit, Yale University

Paul J. Cohen, Stanford University

Kenneth S. Cole, National Institutes of Health

Louis P. Hammett, Columbia University

Harry F. Harlow, University of Wisconsin

Michael Heidelberger, New York University

George B. Kistiakowsky, Harvard University

Edwin H. Land, Polaroid Corporation

Igor I. Sikorsky, Sikorsky Aircraft Division

Alfred H. Sturtevant, California Institute of Technology

1966

Jacob A. B. Bjerknes, University of California, Los Angeles

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, The University of Chicago

Henry Eyring, University of Utah

E. F. Knipling, U. S. Department of Agriculture

Fritz A. Lipmann, Rockefeller University

John W. Milnor, Princeton University

William C. Rose, University of Illinois

Claude E. Shannon, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

John H. Van Vleck, Harvard University

Sewall Wright, University of Wisconsin

Vladimir K. Zworykin, Radio Corporation of America

1965

John Bardeen, University of Illinois

Peter J. W. Debye, Cornell University

Hugh L. Dryden*, National Aeronautics & Space Administration

Clarence L. Johnson, Lockheed Aircraft Corporation

Leon M. Lederman, Columbia University

Warren K. Lewis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Francis P. Rous, Rockefeller University

William W. Rubey, University of California, Berkeley

George G. Simpson, Harvard University

Donald D. Van Slyke, Brookhaven National Labs

Oscar Zariski, Harvard University

1964

Roger Adams, University of Illinois

Othmar H. Ammann, Ammann & Whitney

Theodosius Dobzhansky, Rockefeller University

Charles S. Draper, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Solomon Lefschetz, Princeton University

Neal E. Miller, Yale University

Harold M. Morse, Institute of Advanced Studies

Marshall W. Nirenberg, National Institutes of Health

Julian Schwinger, Harvard University

Harold C. Urey, University of California, San Diego

Robert B. Woodward, Harvard University

1963

Luis W. Alvarez, University of California, Berkeley

Vannevar Bush, Carnegie Institution of Washington

John R. Pierce, Bell Telephone Laboratories

Cornelis van Niel, Stanford University

Norbert Wiener, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

1962

Theodore Von Karman, California Institute of Technology

*Awarded Posthumously

Note: Institutions listed are those with which the recipients were affiliated at the time of the Award.