YeounSoo Kim Ohio State University Title: Using iCARE for monitoring cognitive conflict and anxiety in physics classes Cognitive conflict has long been recognized as a factor that could facilitate student learning. Cognitive conflict, however, can cause some students to have high levels of anxiety during their learning, which, when not properly addressed, can have negative effects to students' motivations and performance. Therefore, instructors need to be informed about the impacts of introducing cognitive conflicts in their instruction. To do so, we need a quantitative instrument that can help identify the existence and features of cognitive conflicts and the anxiety caused. We have developed an easy to use instrument, in-class Conflict and Anxiety Recognition Evaluation (iCARE), for monitoring the status of students' cognitive conflict and anxiety in the context of Physics by Inquiry classes. In this talk, we present examples to show the types of information that can be obtained with iCARE in PBI classes and discuss how instructors can use such an instrument in their instruction.