Constraints on the nucleon to photon ratio can be compiled from the different primordial abundances by following the fitted functions. Each of the abundance functions can be plotted as a function of the nucleon to photon ratio, boundaries can be placed based on estimated primordial abundances, and upper and lower limits established that way.

As such, it would seem wise to present each of the observable abundances seperatly. To find the constraints imposed by the different abundances, go to the section for that element below. Then, for the final results, look below.

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