(* Content-type: application/mathematica *) (*** Wolfram Notebook File ***) (* http://www.wolfram.com/nb *) (* CreatedBy='Mathematica 6.0' *) (*CacheID: 234*) (* Internal cache information: NotebookFileLineBreakTest NotebookFileLineBreakTest NotebookDataPosition[ 145, 7] NotebookDataLength[ 22419, 723] NotebookOptionsPosition[ 18457, 599] NotebookOutlinePosition[ 18952, 618] CellTagsIndexPosition[ 18909, 615] WindowFrame->Normal*) (* Beginning of Notebook Content *) Notebook[{ Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["261 ", FontColor->RGBColor[0, 0, 1]], StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->RGBColor[0, 0, 1]], StyleBox[" Session 1", FontColor->RGBColor[0, 0, 1]] }], "Subtitle", TextAlignment->Center, TextJustification->0], Cell["\<\ Congratulations, you successfully loaded the first notebook. \ \>", "Text"], Cell[TextData[StyleBox["Be sure to switch control of the keyboard and mouse \ regularly, so that you and your partner can be equally frustrated", FontWeight->"Bold", FontColor->RGBColor[1, 0, 0]]], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494782337724*^9, 3.4947823504639997`*^9}}], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Overview", "Section"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->RGBColor[0, 1, 0]], StyleBox[" Short Cuts", FontColor->RGBColor[0, 1, 0]] }], "Subsection"], Cell["\<\ Your job will be to create and evaluate a few \"cells\". There are different \ kinds of cells, e.g. this one is a text cell. There are also input cells and output cells. The basic interaction is to \ submit an input cell and wait for an output cell. To create an input cell, move the cursor until it goes horizontal and click; \ then type. Feel free to edit this notebook. To evaluate, type \"Shift+Enter\". Note: the cursor can be anywhere in the \ cell; no need to move to the end of the expression. Or .. use the Enter key at the far right (on the numeric keypad) to evaluate \ an expression -- no need to hold down Shift for that one. Here are a few expressions you can evaluate; create more of your own!\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4947825390150003`*^9, 3.494782730495*^9}, { 3.494841881417*^9, 3.494842028553*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"2", "+", "5"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494782495949*^9, 3.494782509983*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"5", "/", "7"}], " ", "+", " ", RowBox[{"11", "/", "13"}]}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494782778717*^9, 3.494782781321*^9}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Note how ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " does not use decimals unless you use them first:" }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494782757021*^9, 3.4947827627869997`*^9}, { 3.494805019051*^9, 3.4948050391940002`*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Sin", "[", "1", "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494782742744*^9, 3.494782765042*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Sqrt", "[", "2.0", "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4947827691549997`*^9, 3.4947827704370003`*^9}, { 3.494805714012*^9, 3.494805719693*^9}}], Cell["And note it is happy to work with symbolic expressions:", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494805060299*^9, 3.494805071127*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"4", "+", "x", " ", "-", " ", RowBox[{"3", " ", "x"}]}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4948051806359997`*^9, 3.494805207347*^9}}], Cell["\<\ There are functions which operate on symbolic expressions, e.g.\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4948418421099997`*^9, 3.494841843877*^9}, { 3.4948420393900003`*^9, 3.494842051127*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Expand", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{"1", "+", "x"}], ")"}], "^", "10"}], "]"}]], "Input"], Cell["Or", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494842056178*^9, 3.494842056309*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Factor", "[", RowBox[{"1", "+", RowBox[{"2", "x"}], " ", "+", RowBox[{"x", "^", "2"}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494842057851*^9, 3.4948420663269997`*^9}}], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["\nK", "Text"], "eyboard Copy and Paste. Whenever possible, use the Copy and Paste \ functions to save time but also to cut down on errors (for example, when \ using a function found in the Help Browser). Ctrl-c and Ctrl-v are a \ convenient shortcut to using\nthe menu versions of Copy and Paste. (Ctrl-x \ is Cut.)\n\n", StyleBox["Command completion!", FontColor->RGBColor[1, 0, 0]], " This is activated by Ctrl-k (under Windows; alt-K under Linux). If you \ start typing a function and then press Ctrl-k, a pop-up menu will show all of \ the (loaded) ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " commands that start with the letters you've typed. You can select among \ the choices to avoiding typing (and misspelling) the function name. \nTry \ seeing how many functions start with \"Sin\", i.e. type Sin ctrl-K", StyleBox["\n", FontColor->RGBColor[1, 0, 0]] }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494782407426*^9, 3.49478240763*^9}, 3.494782478226*^9, { 3.494782522469*^9, 3.4947825255810003`*^9}, {3.494805559946*^9, 3.4948056479519997`*^9}}], Cell["\<\ Referring to previous results : Use % to refer to the last result and %10 to \ refer to the result Out[10]. For example :\ \>", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"5", "^", "2"}]], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Sqrt", "[", "%", "]"}]], "Input"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["Many kinds of brackets", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->RGBColor[0, 1, 0]]], "Subsection", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494805849525*^9, 3.494805868099*^9}, {3.494806009033*^9, 3.4948060144969997`*^9}}], Cell["\<\ There are three kinds of brackets we will use all the time. Round brackets \ are used to group terms together:\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494806048566*^9, 3.494806120197*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"3", "*", RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{"1", "-", "9"}], ")"}]}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494806122417*^9, 3.494806138983*^9}}], Cell["\<\ Square brackets are the syntatic clue that we are using a function:\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4948061548199997`*^9, 3.494806198466*^9}, { 3.494806269142*^9, 3.494806295454*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Sin", "[", RowBox[{"\[Pi]", "/", "4"}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.49484175433*^9, 3.494841789008*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[""], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494806298193*^9, 3.494806302799*^9}, 3.494841813751*^9}], Cell["\<\ \"Squiggly\" braces {} are used to make lists of things. More on that below.\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494806313308*^9, 3.494806335203*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"mylist", " ", "=", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"a", ",", " ", "b", ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"\"\\"", ",", "\"\\""}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"Sin", "[", RowBox[{"\[Pi]", "/", "6"}], "]"}]}], "}"}]}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.49480633894*^9, 3.4948063753640003`*^9}}] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["The Many faces of equality", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->RGBColor[0, 1, 0]]], "Subsection", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494805849525*^9, 3.494805868099*^9}}], Cell["\<\ There are at least three kinds of \"equals\" signs. 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Try calculating ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RadicalBox["27", "3"], TraditionalForm]]], " using the Basic calculator.\n 2. Use the \"Documentation\" function to \ learn about the \"N\" function, and then find the first 1000 digits of \[Pi]\n\ 3. Using the calculator's Advanced tab, compute the indefinite integral of \ ArcSin[x]\n 4. How about the definite integral of ArcSin[x] between 0 and \ 1?\n 5. Under the Basic Commands section choose the \"y=x\" tab and use \ Solve[] to solve the quadratic x^2 -3x -4==0.\n 6. Use the \"2D\" to find \ Plot[] and then plot the function ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"sin", "(", "x", ")"}], "/", "x"}], TraditionalForm]]], " from -10 to 10.\n " }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494795716229*^9, 3.494795718171*^9}, { 3.4947957657939997`*^9, 3.494795819185*^9}, {3.494796004399*^9, 3.494796022658*^9}, 3.494803672888*^9, {3.494803907699*^9, 3.494804131637*^9}, {3.494804212612*^9, 3.494804287552*^9}, { 3.494804332737*^9, 3.494804334451*^9}, {3.494804373887*^9, 3.494804553512*^9}, {3.4948045966280003`*^9, 3.49480462687*^9}, { 3.494804838692*^9, 3.494804906109*^9}, {3.494804940843*^9, 3.494804982972*^9}}] }, Open ]] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[{ "Some Homework Related ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " Stuff" }], "Section", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4319388213710003`*^9, 3.431938823582*^9}}], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[{ "Vectors with ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " " }], "Subsection"], Cell[TextData[{ "In ", StyleBox["Mathematica ", FontSlant->"Italic"], "a vector is just a list of its components. Let's define two specific \ vectors by evaluating the following cells. Note that the use of curly \ brackets" }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"v1", " ", "=", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"1", ",", "2", ",", "3"}], "}"}]}]], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"v2", " ", "=", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"2", ",", "3", ",", "4"}], "}"}]}]], "Input"], Cell["Here are some of the things you can now compute:", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"v1", " ", "+", " ", "v2"}]], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Dot", "[", RowBox[{"v1", ",", "v2"}], "]"}]], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Cross", "[", RowBox[{"v1", ",", "v2"}], "]"}]], "Input"], Cell[TextData[{ "\nNote that ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " is quite content to work with symbols in place of actual numbers:" }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{3.431938689527*^9}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"a", " ", "=", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"Ax", ",", "Ay", ",", "Az"}], "}"}]}]], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"b", " ", "=", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"Bx", ",", "By", ",", "Bz"}], "}"}]}]], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Dot", "[", RowBox[{"a", ",", "b"}], "]"}]], "Input"], Cell[TextData[{ "Here is how we can show that ", StyleBox["A \[SmallCircle] (A \[Times] B)", FontWeight->"Bold"], " = 0 :" }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"V", " ", "=", " ", RowBox[{"Dot", "[", RowBox[{"a", ",", RowBox[{"Cross", "[", RowBox[{"a", ",", "b"}], "]"}]}], "]"}]}]], "Input"], Cell[TextData[{ "This may not immediately look like zero, but it is. We just have to tell ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " to simplify:" }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Simplify", "[", "V", "]"}]], "Input"], Cell[TextData[{ "Here is an exercise you can try: use ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " to prove the vector identity\n ", StyleBox["a \[Times] (b \[Times] c) = b (a \[SmallCircle] c) - c (a \ \[SmallCircle] b). \n", FontWeight->"Bold"], "Try it first on your own before opening up the solution cell below." }], "Text"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Solution", "Subsubsection"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"c", " ", "=", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"Cx", ",", "Cy", ",", "Cz"}], "}"}]}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.431938702947*^9, 3.431938705333*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Cross", "[", RowBox[{"a", ",", RowBox[{"Cross", "[", RowBox[{"b", ",", "c"}], "]"}]}], "]"}], " ", "-", " ", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Dot", "[", RowBox[{"a", ",", "c"}], "]"}], "*", "b"}], "+", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Dot", "[", RowBox[{"a", ",", "b"}], "]"}], "*", "c"}]}]], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Simplify", "[", "%", "]"}]], "Input"] }, Closed]] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[" Plotting Functions", "Subsection"], Cell["\<\ Time and time again we will want to plot functions. As you've seen above \ using the palette, the syntax is:\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.494807001288*^9, 3.4948070227390003`*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Plot", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Sin", "[", "x", "]"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", "0", ",", RowBox[{"6", " ", "Pi"}]}], "}"}]}], "]"}]], "Input"], Cell["\<\ Your job: plot Sinh[x] and Cosh[x] together, as in BTM figure 1.3\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.431938879774*^9, 3.43193888385*^9}, {3.431939008425*^9, 3.43193903738*^9}}] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[" HOMEWORK PROBLEM", "Subsection", CellChangeTimes->{{3.526290326473933*^9, 3.52629033672952*^9}}], Cell["\<\ BTM 1.5.2 asks you to \[OpenCurlyDoubleQuote]analyze\[CloseCurlyDoubleQuote] \ this function: \ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4319391294560003`*^9, 3.431939149401*^9}, { 3.526290429066801*^9, 3.526290464921852*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"x", "^", "2"}], "+", "x", "-", "6"}], ")"}], "/", RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{"4", "+", RowBox[{"Cosh", "[", "x", "]"}]}], ")"}]}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4319391549639997`*^9, 3.43193917658*^9}, 3.49478286556*^9}], Cell["\<\ By \[OpenCurlyDoubleQuote]analyze\[CloseCurlyDoubleQuote] we mean: find any \ zeroes, find any poles, decide what the behavior is as |x| becomes large, and then make a sketch of the function incorporating these features. Usually we \ do this \[OpenCurlyDoubleQuote]by hand\[CloseCurlyDoubleQuote]. But here ... (a) Factor[] the numerator to find any zeroes. (b) Given the plot of Cosh \ above, decide if there is any value of x for which Cosh[x] is -4 (which would give a singularity). (You might \ also ask for the ArcCosh of -4.0) (c) Again consulting the plot of Cosh, decide how the function behaves at \ plus and minus infinity, and (d) make a Plot[] along the lines of BTM figure 1.7. For the homework, you may choose \ to print this plot, but a hand-drawn sketch is just fine too.\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.5262904782716155`*^9, 3.5262906993522606`*^9}, { 3.5262907661260796`*^9, 3.5262907854611855`*^9}, {3.526290840664343*^9, 3.5262910248878803`*^9}}] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Printing", "Subsection", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4947829103310003`*^9, 3.494782910999*^9}}], Cell["\<\ If you want to print something out, you'll need to set up your printer. From \ the Windows \"Start\" menu, navigate through the control panel to the printers section, and choose \"Add a Printer\". The \ one you want is under Physics, and is called Smith1011S.\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.49478291356*^9, 3.494782970991*^9}, { 3.4947954395889997`*^9, 3.4947954675620003`*^9}, {3.494795498708*^9, 3.4947955295690002`*^9}}] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[" Calculus", "Subsection"], Cell["To take a derivative:", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Sinh", "[", "x", "]"}], ",", "x"}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{3.431939049164*^9}], Cell["\<\ Now think of an ugly one and try it. In particular, you can cross-check the \ BTM homework, which asks for the derivatives of, e.g.\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4319388355220003`*^9, 3.43193886348*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[{ RowBox[{"Sin", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"x", "^", "3"}], "+", "2"}], "]"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Tan", "[", "x", "]"}], "^", "3"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"ArcTanh", "[", "x", "]"}]}], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.431939071678*^9, 3.431939105908*^9}}], Cell["Or to integrate (indefinite):", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Integrate", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Sin", "[", "x", "]"}], ",", "x"}], "]"}]], "Input"], Cell["With definite limits:", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Integrate", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Exp", "[", RowBox[{"-", "x"}], "]"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", "0", ",", "3"}], "}"}]}], "]"}]], "Input"], Cell[TextData[{ "Try it with limits from 0 to Infinity.\nAnd finally, here is a game--- \ invent a truly horrible integrand, and either be impressed that ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " can find the integral, or be impressed with yourself for stumping the \ computer.\n" }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.431938738873*^9, 3.431938739568*^9}, { 3.4319392377469997`*^9, 3.43193932376*^9}}] }, Open ]] }, Open ]] }, Open ]] }, WindowToolbars->"EditBar", WindowSize->{1008, 586}, WindowMargins->{{16, Automatic}, {14, Automatic}}, ShowSelection->True, Magnification:>FEPrivate`If[ FEPrivate`Equal[FEPrivate`$VersionNumber, 6.], 1.25, 1.25 Inherited], FrontEndVersion->"8.0 for Microsoft Windows (32-bit) (February 23, 2011)", StyleDefinitions->"Default.nb" ] (* End of Notebook Content *) (* Internal cache information *) (*CellTagsOutline CellTagsIndex->{} *) (*CellTagsIndex CellTagsIndex->{} *) (*NotebookFileOutline Notebook[{ Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[567, 22, 266, 10, 62, "Subtitle"], Cell[836, 34, 85, 3, 55, "Text"], Cell[924, 39, 272, 4, 34, "Text"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[1221, 47, 27, 0, 88, "Section"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ 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