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What is it?

The DDU is the "Detector Dependent Unit" and serves as the interface point between the customized front end electronics of the Endcap Muon (EMU) Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) and the main data acquisition system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector. More information is available regarding DDU scope, basic operation, and historical DDU prototype information.


DDU Operation

General Hardware Info, Production DDU

The final Production DDU (small & red) is a 220 mm 9U VME64x board. It takes in data from 15 EMU DAQ Motherboards (DMB) on 15 1.6 Gbps fiber optic cables (1 fiber per DMB) via high-density (LC) front panel inputs (Finisar FTRJ-8519-1-2.5). The data from each fiber gets deserialized by the Rocket IO within 2 Xilinx FPGAs (XC2VP20-FG676-6C) and stored in internal Block RAM FIFOs and 8 larger external FIFOs (TI 74LV3690-6). For every L1A trigger, the DDU cycles through the stored data for 15 DMBs in order (0 to 14), and sends out the entire event record to the main CMS readout via the DCC/SLINK and through the gigabit Ethernet fiber for local PC readout (EMU SPY/standalone DAQ). As it processes data, the DDU Control FPGA (Xilinx XC2VP7-FF672-6C) performs synchronization and status monitoring, data integrity and error checking. The Production DDU Data Format is compatible with the main CMS DAQ, as defined in the CMS Common Data Format. The DDU is capable of processing data at a sustained rate of over 600 MB/sec.


[ddu_production.jpg]

Technical Operation Details

The DDU begins processing an event after the L1A has been received and at least one data word has been received from each of the 15 DMB fiber inputs. The DDU then does a quick scan of the first word of the event from each DMB to determine if CSC data is present, followed by full processing of all the remaining data from those DMBs that have additional event data, culminating in the transmission of all event data to the CMS readout system via S-LINK64 on the DCC. In this way, the DDU completes the data readout for the event from each DMB before processing the next event.

All data processed by the DDU is passed through to the main readout with one notable exception; the DMB Lone word (tagged by DDU Code word 8) from each DMB "No Data" event is always removed at the DDU during the quick scan as a form of zero-suppression, without being forwarded to the readout system. The information from this word is used for event consistency checks and control within the DDU, the results of which are ultimately summarized in the DDU event header. All other DMB-DDU data words are transmitted unchanged to the DCC/SLINK readout system within the DDU event packet.

Event processing in the DDU includes event and bunch crossing number checking, word count and CRC verification, data consistency checks, status monitoring for busy/full/warning/error conditions, Fast Monitoring communications via the FMM, and S-Link64 data formatting for the main CMS DAQ. Data can also be passed (in parallel or exclusively) to the dedicated EMU standalone readout system (SPY path) via gigabit Ethernet from each DDU. This will be useful for calibration, spy data, and other standalone checking/debugging tests when running in the local EMU partition.

DDU Data Format

 


Historical Hardware Info: the DDU Prototypes

The third DDU prototype design (final pre-production prototype, small & green) is a 220 mm 9U VME64x board. Except for the color, it is essentially the same as the Production DDU; there are minor changes such as clock distribution and ground connections. The parts and Data Format used are the same as for the Production DDU. It can be distinguished from the 2nd prototype by noting the presence of 8 FIFOs.

The second DDU prototype design (small & green) is a 220 mm 9U VME64x board. The major difference from later DDUs is that this design used 4 large external DDR FIFOs (IDT 72T40118) that have a manufacturing flaw which causes a small-but-measurable rate of bit errors. The data is transmitted with the Prototype DDU Data Format. It can be distinguished from other prototypes by noting the presence of only 4 FIFOs.

The first DDU prototype (big & red) is a 400 mm 9U VME64x board; firmware updates were made in October 2004 such that it functions basically the same as the 2nd prototype. The only significant difference for the user is that the 1st DDU Prototype Data Format. removes all DDU Code 9 words from the DMB data stream; these words are retained by all later prototypes. Prior to October 2004 the big red DDUs used the Early Prototype Data Format, which is still in use for the Partial DDU at UCLA. This data format is not compatible with the latest CMS Common Data Format. There are some parts that are unique to the first prototype: the data from each fiber gets deserialized (TI TLK2501) and stored in a high speed FIFO receive buffer (IDT 72V7270L10); data is read out and monitored by the DDU Control FPGA (Xilinx XCV600E-FG676-7C).


Updated 24 October 2002
Updated 24 September 2004 for 2nd DDU Prototype, with DCC
Updated 26 August 2005 for Production DDU & Prototypes
Updated 28 April 2006 for minor Production format changes
Updated 30 November 2007 for ALCT/TMB data format changes
Updated 28 January 2011, added link to firmware schematics folder
Updated 10 April 2014, added section for new "post-LS1" format changes, and "CURRENT" version section renamed to "Previous"
Updated 14 May 2014, the "New version" section renamed to "Current production version"
Jason Gilmore: gilmore@mps.ohio-state.edu