(* Content-type: application/mathematica *) (*** Wolfram Notebook File ***) (* http://www.wolfram.com/nb *) (* CreatedBy='Mathematica 7.0' *) (*CacheID: 234*) (* Internal cache information: NotebookFileLineBreakTest NotebookFileLineBreakTest NotebookDataPosition[ 145, 7] NotebookDataLength[ 18954, 508] NotebookOptionsPosition[ 17272, 453] NotebookOutlinePosition[ 17695, 471] CellTagsIndexPosition[ 17652, 468] WindowFrame->Normal*) (* Beginning of Notebook Content *) Notebook[{ Cell["Planetary Motion in the Sitnikov System", "Title", CellChangeTimes->{{3.451685753482875*^9, 3.451685763713854*^9}}], Cell["Equations of motion", "Subtitle", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4516863143329268`*^9, 3.451686317825828*^9}}], Cell["\<\ System of differential equations for motion of a planet along the axis of a binary star with small eccentricity ecc and initial phase phi0. Choose units for which 2 G M = 1, average radius of orbits of stars is 1\ \>", "Subsection", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4516804385246363`*^9, 3.451680526683662*^9}, { 3.451680710748499*^9, 3.451680726875553*^9}, {3.451686086011265*^9, 3.4516861584899683`*^9}, {3.45168620701827*^9, 3.45168623677792*^9}}], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[{ RowBox[{"equationz", "=", RowBox[{ RowBox[{ SuperscriptBox["z", "\[Prime]", MultilineFunction->None], "[", "t", "]"}], "\[Equal]", RowBox[{"zdot", "[", "t", "]"}]}]}], "\n", RowBox[{"equationzdot", "=", RowBox[{ RowBox[{ SuperscriptBox["zdot", "\[Prime]", MultilineFunction->None], "[", "t", "]"}], "==", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", RowBox[{"z", "[", "t", "]"}]}], "/", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"(", " ", RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{"1", " ", "+", " ", RowBox[{"ecc", "*", RowBox[{"Cos", "[", RowBox[{"t", "+", "phi0"}], "]"}]}]}], ")"}], "^", "2"}], "+", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"z", "[", "t", "]"}], "^", "2"}]}], " ", ")"}], "^", RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{"3", "/", "2"}], ")"}]}]}]}]}]}], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.451680646326667*^9, 3.451680647948971*^9}, { 3.451680750678812*^9, 3.451680761989051*^9}, 3.451684922933123*^9, 3.451686248283917*^9}, AspectRatioFixed->True], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{ SuperscriptBox["z", "\[Prime]", MultilineFunction->None], "[", "t", "]"}], "\[Equal]", RowBox[{"zdot", "[", "t", "]"}]}]], "Output", CellChangeTimes->{3.451680652511066*^9, 3.4516843587891207`*^9, 3.451684929123982*^9, 3.451686250078887*^9, 3.4517154161524897`*^9, 3.451719450550597*^9}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{ SuperscriptBox["zdot", "\[Prime]", MultilineFunction->None], "[", "t", "]"}], "\[Equal]", RowBox[{"-", FractionBox[ RowBox[{"z", "[", "t", "]"}], SuperscriptBox[ RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{ SuperscriptBox[ RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{"1", "+", RowBox[{"ecc", " ", RowBox[{"Cos", "[", RowBox[{"phi0", "+", "t"}], "]"}]}]}], ")"}], "2"], "+", SuperscriptBox[ RowBox[{"z", "[", "t", "]"}], "2"]}], ")"}], RowBox[{"3", "/", "2"}]]]}]}]], "Output", CellChangeTimes->{3.451680652511066*^9, 3.4516843587891207`*^9, 3.451684929123982*^9, 3.451686250078887*^9, 3.4517154161524897`*^9, 3.451719450553978*^9}] }, Open ]], Cell["\<\ Time parameters: binary star year number of years to evolve the system, number of positions to save during each year\ \>", "Subsection", CellChangeTimes->{{3.451680544468354*^9, 3.451680547052126*^9}, { 3.451680793492052*^9, 3.451680821827456*^9}, {3.451681172755546*^9, 3.45168121195555*^9}, {3.4516865248779173`*^9, 3.4516865447860117`*^9}, { 3.451719283857644*^9, 3.451719291985537*^9}, {3.4517193315698767`*^9, 3.451719383225346*^9}}], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[{ RowBox[{"year", "=", RowBox[{"2", " ", "Pi"}]}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"Nyears", " ", "=", " ", "10"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"Nsave", "=", "10"}]}], "Input", AspectRatioFixed->True], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"2", " ", "\[Pi]"}]], "Output", CellChangeTimes->{3.451683638808826*^9, 3.451684358889031*^9, 3.4516849292060213`*^9, 3.4516862551362457`*^9, 3.451715420984282*^9, 3.4517194506495543`*^9}], Cell[BoxData["10"], "Output", CellChangeTimes->{3.451683638808826*^9, 3.451684358889031*^9, 3.4516849292060213`*^9, 3.4516862551362457`*^9, 3.451715420984282*^9, 3.4517194506516933`*^9}], Cell[BoxData["10"], "Output", CellChangeTimes->{3.451683638808826*^9, 3.451684358889031*^9, 3.4516849292060213`*^9, 3.4516862551362457`*^9, 3.451715420984282*^9, 3.451719450653613*^9}] }, Open ]], Cell["\<\ Binary star with circular orbit\ \>", "Subtitle", CellChangeTimes->{{3.451686700651135*^9, 3.451686707777903*^9}, 3.451686757002157*^9}], Cell["\<\ Values of parameters Initial conditions for planet in the plane of the binary star (zstart = 0) \ with specified velocity zdotstart\ \>", "Subsection", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4516808956036997`*^9, 3.451680901267873*^9}, { 3.451680967227694*^9, 3.451680979315507*^9}, {3.451685361507655*^9, 3.451685416529941*^9}, {3.451686570066286*^9, 3.451686592146055*^9}}], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"ecc", "=", "0."}], ";"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"phi0", "=", "0."}], ";"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"zstart", "=", " ", "0."}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"zdotstart", " ", "=", "1."}]}], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4516808668524513`*^9, 3.45168088655626*^9}}], Cell[BoxData["0.`"], "Output", CellChangeTimes->{3.4516836405064793`*^9, 3.451684358928772*^9, 3.451684929242321*^9, 3.451685427703538*^9, 3.4516862573465357`*^9, 3.451715425558264*^9, 3.4517194507053747`*^9}], Cell[BoxData["1.`"], "Output", CellChangeTimes->{3.4516836405064793`*^9, 3.451684358928772*^9, 3.451684929242321*^9, 3.451685427703538*^9, 3.4516862573465357`*^9, 3.451715425558264*^9, 3.4517194507076883`*^9}] }, Open ]], Cell["\<\ Solve the system of differential equations numerically one year at a time for \ a total of Nyear years, saving the position z(t) of the planet Nsave times during each year. 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(zdotstart) for ecc = 0 to 3 digits accuracy. Plot the position of the planet as a function of time for a velocity above \ and a velocity below the escape velocity. Show your results to the instructor.\ \>", "Subsection", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4516868203625507`*^9, 3.4516868321059933`*^9}, { 3.451686886274506*^9, 3.451686889665913*^9}, {3.451686977218295*^9, 3.451687082306316*^9}, {3.451687114370267*^9, 3.451687129098051*^9}, { 3.45171617375462*^9, 3.4517162234249563`*^9}, {3.4517194938667393`*^9, 3.451719497481349*^9}}], Cell["\<\ Binary star with elliptical orbit with small eccentricity\ \>", "Subtitle", CellChangeTimes->{{3.451686700651135*^9, 3.451686750890192*^9}, { 3.451687321866282*^9, 3.451687322962605*^9}, 3.451687994834547*^9}], Cell["\<\ Change the eccentricity to ecc = 0.1. Set the initial velocity equal to the escape velocity for ecc = 0. Plot z(t) as a function of t for 6 values of the initial phase phi0 ranging \ from 0 to 2 Pi.\ \>", "Subsection", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.451686792770344*^9, {3.4516873550983152`*^9, 3.451687363602222*^9}, { 3.451687404602336*^9, 3.451687466842106*^9}, {3.45168750673067*^9, 3.451687569050498*^9}}], Cell["\<\ Vary the initial phase phi0 and the initial velocity zdotstart, looking for solutions for which the time interval between the planet crossing \ the orbit of the binary star is as large as possible and for solutions for which the final crossing of the planet before escaping \ is as large as possible. Report your record values to the instructor. 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